Team x-zyld

xyrrha solidarios a.k.a. xy019

August 29th, 2008 by xy019

I’m Xyrrha proudly introducing myself as jecht’s girlfriend (ha ha)…

Well I’m a student taking up nursing and as you can see I posted nursing topics here to help not only my fellow nursing students but also to those who want to learn.

I can describe myself as an active and curious person, but I have a short attention span. And also we (jecht and I) really loves to eat but as of now we are on a diet (is it really a diet jecht?ha ha). Were watching that scale not to go another line.

About relationships I can tel you that I am happy with everything now. My family is supporting me with what I want and they like jecht as he is, especially my younger sister and my niece. With my relationship with jecht.. H mm.. I can only say one thing I’ve never been happy like this before (aw! Alabyew)

Posted in about us | 1 Comment »

PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

August 29th, 2008 by xy019

“Five Plus Five Rights”
of Drug Administration
?Right client
?Right drug
?Right dose
?Right time
?Right route
?Right documentation
?Right assessment
?Right to education
?Right evaluation
?Right to refuse
Factors Modifying the
Drug Response
?Absorption
?Distribution
?Metabolism (biotransformation)
?Excretion
?Age
?Body weight
?Toxicity
?Pharmacogenetics
?Route of administration
?Time of administration
?Emotional factors
?Preexisting disease state
?Drug history
?Tolerance
?Cumulative effect
?
Drug-food interaction
?
Drug-drug interaction

Forms and Routes
?Tablets and capsules
?Liquids
?Transdermal
?Topical

Posted in Uncategorized, health | No Comments »

accident

August 28th, 2008 by jeric

pheww i was so close on that accident that i witnessed. while going to work i witnessed a car and a truck accident in front of me. the car was smashed by the truck. damn! the debris of the car was all over the place and i can feel the broken glass on my face and body but hey im alright i have no bruises. im lucky that i did not got hurt. damn all i wish the driver is alright.. and that was a shocking moment…

Posted in accident | 1 Comment »

thinking of a long vacation

August 28th, 2008 by jeric

im thinking of a long vacation right now i want to go to the beach so i can unwind and relax.. this work is really giving me a headache and im suffering to stress not from physical stress but mental overdose stress hehe is that the right term for that,, right now all i think is beach or nature triping.. damn it! its hard to live in this world….

Posted in about us | No Comments »

Symbian 9.2 has been hacked! Guide/Tutorial HERE

August 28th, 2008 by jeric

This tutorial permits to see hidden folders on your s60 3rd Edition, it is not mine

Original tutorial posted here:

WHAT DOES THIS HACK ALLOW ME TO DO?It will allow you to install UNSIGNED applications. It will allow you to give applications FULL permissions. Basically, it will give you FREEDOM.

OK, let’s go, you need to download and install these files:

Download ActivePython – from here: http://downloads.activestate.com/Act…-win32-x86.msi

, install it.

Download and install PySerial – from here: http://sourceforge.net/project/downl…use_mirror=dfn

Download and install AppTRK (to your phone)from here: http://fca00000.googlepages.com/s60_…p_trk_2_7.sisx

Download Hack Perms from here: http://fca00000.googlepages.com/hack_perms_s60v3_FP1.py

CLICK THE IMAGES FOR A LARGER SIZE!

Let’s get to business:

Connect your phone to your PC via USB in PC Suite mode.

Go to Control Panel>System>Hardware>Device Manager>Ports OR in Windows Vista it’s Control Panel>Hardware and Sound>Device Manager>Ports.

Once you’re there, look for your phone, in my case it’s called ‘Nokia GSM Phone USB (COM3)’. Make a note of the number after COM, you’ll need it later.

Open AppTRK on your phone and press cancel when it trys to connect via bluetooth. Go to options>settings>connection and change it to USB. Go back and press options then connect. This is what you should see:

Now open up the Hack Perm python file in notepad on your PC, press CTRL+F on your PC and search for “ser =” (Without quotation marks, of course). Once you’re there change the 5 that’s in the brackets to the 1 less than the number that followed COM in the step above.

For example, if your number was 7, you would change the number in the brackets to 6 and if your number was 5, you would change the number in the brackets to 4. Once you’ve done that, save the python file (JUST SAVE, NOT SAVE AS).

Once you have done this, just double click the Hack Perms file and wait for about 5 seconds, during this time, you should see this, notice the “!!!!!!!!!!!candidate!!!!!!!!!!!”, this shows you’ve been successful:

Now to make the hack computer-free:

Download THIS file and copy the contents to a folder in your phone.

1) Using your file manager of choice copy the CProfDriver_SISX.ldd file into C:\sys\bin.
2) Install CapsOn and then install CapsOff.

That’s it! Whenever you want to run the hack just select CapsOff and the hack will be working! No need for a computer! If for some reason you want to turn off the hack just select CapsOn… Yes, it really is THAT EASY.

DONE!
Things to note:

1)I will not be held responsible for anything happening to your phone. Nothing bad should happen anyway.

3)This hack has been confirmed on the N95, N95 8GB, N82 and some others. If you perform this hack, please tell me your phone model.

NOTE: all credits to FCA00000 and to the other guys that worked hard for make this easy to do for all people

and here another way to hack your phone:


FCA00000, you are so good to us. Just a matter of days after Nokia released new firmwares for their devices blocking the hack, FCA00000 has delivered once again. This time, the hack even works with the N93! Guide after the break!.

OK, first of all, download THIS zip file, extract it and copy the ‘Hacks’ folder to your phone’s memory card.

1)Open your file browser of choice and then keep it in the background by hitting the menu button. In this guide I’ll be using Y-Browser.

2)Open HelloCarbide from your Applications folder.

Press Options
Select Menu1 and a message will pop up saying “done…probably”, just press yes.

3)Open up your file browser again and navigate to the Hacks folder that you copied over. Depending on which phone you have, either copy the file inside installserver 9.1 or installserver 9.2 into C:\sys\bin. Tip: If you don’t know which version of Symbian your phone is running, refer to my Devices list.

4) Restart your phone.

5) Now install ROMPatcher.

That’s it! Now whenever you need to gain access to C:\(’hack’ your phone), just run ROMPatcher from the Applications menu and select ‘Disable caps’ from options.

Now you can install unsigned applications and activate handy patches! Enjoy.

How to install unsigned apps:

Can you see what you’ve done, Symbian Signed? Because of you taking away our developer certificates, Symbian 9.2 was cracked wide open, something that I thought was impossible. I believe that if developer certificates hadn’t been revoked, we would still be waiting for the likes of FCA00000 and Zorn to come around and save us from our evil overlords. Anyways, today I bring you news of yet another development from the hacking community, this time from SWmail. This new (stupidly easy)hack allows us to now not even need to sign an app at all. Just install unsigned applications at your discretion. Video guide after the break!

NOTE: To have the necessary access to C:\Sys\bin, you will need to hack your phone! Use ROMPatcher to achieve this.

If you have a Symbian 9.2(feature pack 1) device, download THIS file.

If you have a Symbian 9.1(pre feature pack 1) device, download THIS file.

Symbian 9.1 devices:

Nokia E61i
Nokia E65
Nokia N93i
Nokia E62
Nokia E50
Nokia N77
Nokia N93
Nokia N73
Nokia N80
Nokia N71
Nokia N92
Nokia E70
Nokia E60
Nokia E61
Nokia N91 8GB
Nokia 3250
Nokia 5500

Symbian 9.2 devices:

Nokia N82
Nokia E51
Nokia N81
Nokia E90 Communicator
Nokia N76
Nokia N95
Nokia N95-3 NAM
Nokia N95 8GB
Nokia N81 8GB
Nokia 5700 XpressMusic
Nokia 6110 Navigator
Nokia 6120 classic
Nokia 6121 classic
Nokia 6124 classic
Nokia 6290

Posted in cellphone | 8 Comments »

Tansee iPod Transfer 5.0.0.0

August 28th, 2008 by jeric

iPod to PC Transfer is the ultimate program for transferring songs from an iPod to a Windows based computer. iPod to PC Transfer is a sound of blessing for frustrated Apple’s iTune users who can’t copy music files from iPod to pc desktop or laptop since iTune blocks iPod-to-computer song transfer.

Now the things are different! With iPod to PC Transfer, iPod users can transfer iPod Songs to PC easily. iPod to PC Transfer utilizes iPod’s internal database to display your iPod’s contents instantly. iPod to PC Transfer is fully compatible with all existing iPods including iPod, iPod Photo, iPod mini, iPod shuffle, iPod nano and iPod video.

 

download link:

http://rapidshare.com/files/100362944/Tansee_iPod_Transfer_5.rar

Posted in hacking | No Comments »

another toxicated nights

August 28th, 2008 by jeric

im on my work at this time and im so tired of this work of mine,,the internet connection are slow even my mind think slow,, my bosses are drunk so it means another unwanted overtime awaits me this morning,, im working my ass here to make my boss rich damn sometimes life is unfair ,, wish that im a rich person too…

Posted in about us | 1 Comment »

tuberculosis

August 28th, 2008 by xy019

Definition
Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis most commonly attacks the lungs (as pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, bones, joints and even the skin. Other mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium canetti, and Mycobacterium microti can also cause tuberculosis, but these species do not usually infect healthy adults.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is TB that affects the lungs. Its initial symptoms are easily confused with those of other diseases. An infected person may at first feel vaguely unwell or develop a cough blamed on smoking or a cold. A small amount of greenish or yellow sputum may be coughed up when the person gets up in the morning. In time, more sputum is produced that is streaked with blood. Persons with pulmonary TB do not run a high fever, but they often have a low-grade one. They may wake up in the night drenched with cold sweat when the fever breaks. The patient often loses interest in food and may lose weight. Chest pain is sometimes present. If the infection allows air to escape from the lungs into the chest cavity (pneumothorax) or if fluid collects in the pleural space (pleural effusion), the patient may have difficulty breathing. If a young adult develops a pleural effusion, the chance of tubercular infection being the cause is very high. The TB bacilli may travel from the lungs to lymph nodes in the sides and back of the neck. Infection in these areas can break through the skin and discharge pus. Before the development of effective antibiotics, many patients became chronically ill with increasingly severe lung symptoms. They lost a great deal of weight and developed a wasted appearance. This outcome is uncommon today—at least where modern treatment methods are available.

Incubation Period

Infection to the primary lesion or significant tuberculin reaction is about four to twelve weeks.

Signs and Sypmtoms

? A cough lasting three or more weeks that may produce discolored or bloody sputum
? Unintended weight loss
? Fatigue
? Slight fever
? Night sweats
? Chills
? Loss of appetite
? Pain with breathing or coughing (pleurisy)

Pathophysiology

Tuberculosis is spread by airborne droplet nuclei, which are 1-5 µm particles containing 1 to 400 bacilli each. They are expelled in the air with coughing, sneezing, singing, laughing, talking etc and remain suspended in the air for many hours. They can be inhaled and subsequently entrapped in the distal airways and alveoli. There, bacilli are ingested by local macrophages, multiply within the cells, and within 2 weeks are transported through the lymphatics to establish secondary sites (lymphohematogenous spread). The development of an immune response, heralded by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction over the next 4 weeks leads to granuloma formation, with subsequent decrease in the number of bacilli. Some of them remain viable or ‘dormant’ for many years. This stage is called latent TB infection (LTBI), which is generally an asymptomatic, radiologically undetected process in humans. Sometimes a primary complex (Ghon complex) can be seen radiographically, mostly in the lower and middle lobes, and comprises the primary lesion, hilar lymphadenopathy plus/minus a lymphangitic track. Later on, the primary lesion tends to become calcified, and can be identified on the chest radiographs for decades. Most commonly, a positive tuberculin test remains the only proof of LTBI, and therefore does not signify active disease.
Under certain conditions of immature or disregulated immunity, alveolar macrophages and the subsequent biologic cascade could fail in limiting the mycobacterial proliferation, leading to primary progressive tuberculosis (mostly in children less than 5 years old, HIV positive or profoundly immunosuppressed individuals). Factors known to influence this unfavorable course are: patients’ age, nutritional status, host immunity, and bacterial infective load.
After inhalation, the pathogenic bacilli start to replicate slowly and continuously and lead to development of a cellular immunity in about 4-6 weeks. T lymphocytes and local (pulmonary and lymphatic node) macrophages represent key-players in limiting further spread of the bacilli in the host’s organism. This can be seen at the pathological level, where the bacilli are in the center of necrotizing (caseating) and non-necrotizing (non-caseating) granulomas, surrounded by lymphocytes and macrophages. The infected macrophages release interleukin 12, and 18, which stimulate CD4-positive T lymphocytes to secrete IFN-? (interferon-gamma), which, in turn, activate the macrophage phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis and the release of TNF-? (tumor necrosis factor-alpha). TNF-? has an important role in the granuloma formation, and the control of infection. Genetic defects illustrated by different polymorphisms of the following genes: NRAMP-1 (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1), vitamin D receptors, and interleukin-1 have also been shown to be involved in TB pathogenesis.10 It is often difficult to differentiate between genetic predisposition and overwhelming bacteriological load, as often seen in countries with high prevalence of TB. HIV co-infection is the greatest risk factor for progression to active disease in adults. The ‘partnership’ between HIV and TB has augmented the deadly potentials of each disease. Other risk factors are: diabetes mellitus, renal failure, co-existent malignancies, malnutrition, silicosis, immunosuppressive therapies (including steroids and anti-TNF drugs), and TNF-? receptor, TNF-? receptor, or IL-12 ß1 receptor defects
Diagnosis

The diagnosis of TB is made on the basis of laboratory test results. The standard test for tuberculosis—which is the so-called tuberculin skin test—detects the presence of infection, not of active TB. Tuberculin is an extract prepared from cultures of M. tuberculosis. It contains substances belonging to the bacillus (antigens) to which an infected person has been sensitized. When tuberculin is injected into the skin of an infected person, the area around the injection becomes hard, swollen, and red within one to three days. Today skin tests utilize a substance called purified protein derivative (PPD) that has a standard chemical composition and is therefore is a good measure of the presence of tubercular infection. The PPD test is also called the Mantoux test. The Mantoux PPD skin test is not, however, 100% accurate; it can produce false positive as well as false negative results. What these terms mean is that some people who have a skin reaction are not infected (false positive) and that some who do not react are in fact infected (false negative). The PPD test is, however, useful as a screener. Anyone who has suspicious findings on a chest x ray, or any condition that makes TB more likely should have a PPD test. In addition, those in close contact with a TB patient and persons who come from a country where TB is common also should be tested, as should all healthcare personnel and those living in crowded conditions or institutions.
Because the symptoms of TB cover a wide range of severity and affected body parts, diagnosis on the basis of external symptoms is not always possible. Often, the first indication of TB is an abnormal chest x-ray or other test result rather than physical discomfort. On a chest x ray, evidence of the disease appears as numerous white, irregular areas against a dark background, or as enlarged lymph nodes. The upper parts og the lungs are most often affected. A PPD test is always done to show whether the patient has been infected by the tubercle bacillus. To verify the test results, the physician obtains a sample of sputum or a tissue sample (biopsy) for culture. Three to five sputum samples should be taken early in the morning. If necessary, sputum for culture can be produced by spraying salt solution into the windpipe. Culturing M. tuberculosis is useful for diagnosis because the bacillus has certain distinctive characteristics. Unlike many other types of bacteria, mycobacteria can retain certain dyes even when exposed to acid. This so-called acid-fast property is characteristic of the tubercle bacillus.
Body fluids other than sputum can be used for culture. If TB has invaded the brain or spinal cord, culturing a sample of spinal fluid will make the diagnosis. If TB of the kidneys is suspected because of pus or blood in the urine, culture of the urine may reveal tubercular infection. Infection of the ovaries in women can be detected by placing a tube having a light on its end (a laparoscope) into the area. Samples also may be taken from the liver or bone marrow to detect the tubercle bacillus.
One important new advance in the diagnosis of TB is the use of molecular techniques to speed the diagnostic process as well as improve its accuracy. As of late 2005, four molecular techniques are increasingly used in laboratories around the world. They include polymerase chain reaction to detect mycobacterial DNA in patient specimens; nucleic acid probes to identify mycobacteria in culture; restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to compare different strains of TB for epidemiological studies; and genetic-based susceptibility testing to identify drugresistant strains of mycobacteria.

TB is diagnosed by a consideration of the following:
• clinical presentation
• tuberculin skin test using the Mantoux procedure
• radiographic examination, sometimes including CT scans
• bacteriology, direct staining and culture of sputum or other specimens for the presence of M. tuberculosis
• molecular amplification (PCR) and gene probes assist in rapid diagnosis.

Laboratory Test
Because of difficulties with the Tuberculin skin test, many laboratory methods of diagnosis are emerging. These tests have been reviewed in detail.
Adenosine deaminase
In 2007, a systematic review of adenosine deaminase by the NHS Health Technology Assessment Programme concluded “There is no evidence to support the use of ADA tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB. However, there is considerable evidence to support their use in pleural fluid samples for diagnosis of pleural TB, where sensitivity was very high, and to a slightly lesser extent for TB meningitis. In both pleural TB and TB meningitis, ADA tests had higher sensitivity than any other tests.”[
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)
This is a heterogeneous group of tests that use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect mycobacterial nucleic acid. These test vary in which nucleic acid sequence they detect and vary in their accuracy. The two most common commercially available tests are the amplified mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test (MTD, Gen-Probe) and Amplicor (Roche Diagnostics). In 2007, a systematic review of NAAT by the NHS Health Technology Assessment Programme concluded that "NAAT test accuracy to be far superior when applied to respiratory samples as opposed to other specimens. Although the results were not statistically significant, the AMTD test appears to perform better than other currently available commercial tests."
In a more recent before-after observational study, found that use of the MTD test reduce inappropriate tuberculosis therapy. The study found the accuracy of the MTD test as follows:
Overall
• sensitivity 92%
• specificity 99%
Smear positive patients
• sensitivity 99%
• specificity 98%
Smear negative patients
• sensitivity 62%
• specificity 99%
Interferon-? release assays
Interferon-? (interferon-gamma) release assays (IGRAs) are based on the ability of the mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens for early secretory antigen target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) to stimulate host production of interferon-gamma. Because these antigens are not present in non-tuberculous mycobacteria or in BCG vaccine, these tests can distinguish latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).
The blood tests QuantiFERON-TB Gold and T-SPOT.TB use these antigens to detect people with tuberculosis. Lymphocytes from the patient's blood are cultured with the antigens. These tests are called interferon ? tests and are not equivalent. If the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis before, T lymphocytes produce interferon ? in response. Both tests use ELISA to detect the interferon ? with great sensitivity.[citation needed] The distinction between the tests is that QuantiFERON-TB Gold quantifies the total amount of interferon ? when whole blood is exposed to the antigens, whereas T-SPOT.TB, a type of ELISPOT assay,[9] counts the number of activated T lymphocytes that secrete interferon ?. Guidelines for the use of the FDA approved QuantiFERON-TB Gold were released by the CDC in December 2005.
The enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) is another blood test available in the UK that may replace the skin test for diagnosis
For diagnosing latent TB, two systematic reviews of IGRAs concluded the tests noted excellent specificity for the tests to distinguish latent TB from prior vaccination.
For diagnosing active TB, IGRAs have reduced specificity due to their ability to detect latent TB.
Full blood count
Although a full blood count is never diagnostic, normocytic anemia and lymphopenia are common. Neutrophilia is rarely found. [iron deficiency anemia may develop with isoniazid treatment] Urea and electrolytes are usually normal, although hypocalcemia and hyponatremia are possible in tuberculous meningoencephalitis due to SIADHS. In advanced disease, hypoalbuminemia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperglobulinemia may be present.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually raised.

Treatment
Supportive care
In the past, treatment of TB was primarily supportive. Patients were kept in isolation, encouraged to rest, and fed well. If these measures failed the lung was collapsed surgically so that it could “rest” and heal. Today surgical procedures still are used when necessary, but contemporary medicine relies on drug therapy as the mainstay of home care. Given an effective combination of drugs, patients with TB can be treated at home as well as in a sanitorium. Treatment at home does not pose the risk of infecting other household members.
Drug therapy
Most patients with TB can recover if given appropriate medication for a sufficient length of time. Three principles govern modern drug treatment of TB:
Five drugs are most commonly used today to treat tuberculosis: isoniazid (INH, Laniazid, Nydrazid); rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane); pyrazinamide (Tebrazid); streptomycin; and ethambutol (Myambutol). The first three drugs may be given in the same capsule to minimize the number of pills in the dosage. As of 1998, many patients are given INH and rifampin together for six months, with pyrazinamide added for the first two months. Hospitalization is rarely necessary because many patients are no longer infectious after about two weeks of combination treatment. Follow-up involves monitoring of side effects and monthly sputum tests. Of the five medications, INH is the most frequently used drug for both treatment and prevention

Drugs

• ethambutol is EMB or E,
• isoniazid is INH or H,
• pyrazinamide is PZA or Z,
• rifampicin is RMP or R,
• streptomycin is STM or S
Surgical Management
Surgical treatment of TB may be used if medications are ineffective. There are three surgical treatments for pulmonary TB: pneumothorax, in which air is introduced into the chest to collapse the lung; thoracoplasty, in which one or more ribs are removed; and removal of a diseased lung, in whole or in part. It is possible for patients to survive with one healthy lung. Spinal TB may result in a severe deformity that can be corrected surgically.
Prevention
General measures
General measures such as avoidance of overcrowded and unsanitary conditions are also necessary aspects of prevention. Hospital emergency rooms and similar locations can be treated with ultraviolet light, which has an antibacterial effect.
Vaccination
Vaccination is one major preventive measure against TB. A vaccine called BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, named after its French developers) is made from a weakened mycobacterium that infects cattle. Vaccination with BCG does not prevent infection by M. tuberculosis but it does strengthen the immune system of first-time TB patients. As a result, serious complications are less likely to develop. BCG is used more widely in developing countsies than in the United States. The effectiveness of vaccination is still being studied; it is not clear whether the vaccine’s effectiveness depends on the population in which it is used or on variations in its formulation.
Prophylactic use of isoniazid
INH can be given for the prevention as well as the treatment of TB. INH is effective when given daily over a period of six to 12 months to people in high-risk categories. INH appears to be most beneficial to persons under the age of 25. Because INH carries the risk of side-effects (liver inflammation, nerve damage, changes in mood and behavior), it is important to give it only to persons at special risk.
High-risk groups for whom isoniazid prevention may be justified include
Nursing Responsibility
Nurses must be informed and educated about the etiology, transmission, prevention and treatment and the potential risk factors of environmental TB exposure in the workplace. Appropriate precautionary measures, including guidelines and standards of practice for nurses, should be implemented in all health care settings to prevent further spread of the infection. Following the recommendations of the ICN Guidelines for Nurses in the Care and Control of Tuberculosis and Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, ICN supports:
• Nurse responsibility to engage in continuous risk assessment related to workplace (environmental) risk factors known to increase the potential of TB transmission;
• Employer responsibility to ensure protective equipment (e.g. high filtration masks) and the implementation of guidelines and standards for safe nursing practice;
• Employer responsibility for occupational (environmental) safety (e.g. providing ventilation systems or isolating patients with active TB in negative pressure rooms)
• Education for all nurses about the epidemiology, diagnosis, transmission, preventive measures and post-event alternatives;
• Increased participation of nurses in the development of institutional/organizational strategies that support close monitoring of all TB infected persons as part of the routine health- and nursing care.

Posted in Uncategorized, health | No Comments »

nursing terminologies

August 28th, 2008 by jeric

Here are some nursing terminologies that might help.

~TERMINOLOGY~

ABC

airway, breathing, circulation

abd.

abdomen

ABG

arterial blood gas

ac

before meals

ACE

angiotensin converting enzyme

ACS

acute compartment syndrome

ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone

ADL

activities of daily living

ADH

antidiurectic hormone

ad lib

freely, as desired

AFP

alpha-fetoprotein

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AKA

above the knee amputations

ALL

acute lymphocytic leukemia

ALP

alkaline phosphate (formerly SGPT)

ALS

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ALT

alanine aminotransferase

AMI

antibody-mediated immunity

AML

acute myelogenous leukemia

amt.

amount

ANA

antinuclear antibody

ANS

autonomic nervous system

AP

antroposterior

A and P

anterior and posterior

APC

arterial premature contraction

aq.

water

ARDS

adult respiratory distress syndrome

ASD

arterial septal distress

ASHD

antherosclerotic disease

AST

aspirate aminotransferase (formerly SGOT)

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

AV

antrioventicular

BCG

bacilli calmatic gueria

bid

two times a day

BMR

basal metabolic rate

BKA

below the knee amputations

BLS

basic life support

BP

blood pressure

BPH

benign prostatic hypertrophy

bpm

beats per minute

BPR

bathroom privileges

BSA

body surface area

BUN

blood, urea, nitrogen

C and S

culture and sensitivity

C

centigrade, Celsius

Ca

calcium

CA

cancer

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CAD

coronary artery disease

caps

capsule

CAPD

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

CBC

complete blood count

CC

chief complaint

cc

cubic centimeter

CCU

coronary care unit, critical care unit

CDC

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention

CHF

congestive heart failure

CK

creatine kinase

Cl

chloride

CLL

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

cm

centimeter

CMV

cytomegalovirus infection

CNS

central nervous system

CO

carbon monoxide, cardiac output

CO2

carbon monoxide

comp

compound

cont.

continuous

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CP

cerebral palsy

CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure

CPK

creatine phosphokinase

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CRP

C-reactive protein

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

CT

computerized tomography

CTD

connective tissue disease

cu

cubic

CVA

costovertebral angle

CVA

cerebrovascular accident

CVP

central venous catheter

D and C

dilation and curettage

DC

discontinue

DIC

disseminated intravascular coagulation

dil

dilute

DIFF

differential blood count

DJD

degenerative joint disease

DKA

diabetic ketoacidosis

dL

deciliter (100ml)

DM

diabetes mellitus

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNR

do not resuscitate

DO

doctor of osteopathy

DOE

dyspnea on exertion

DPT

vaccine for diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus

Dr.

doctor

DVT

deep vein thrombosis

D/W

dextrose in water

Dx

diagnosis

ECF

extracellular fluid

ECG and EKG

electrocardiogram

ECT

electroconvulsive therapy

ED

emergency department

EEG

electroencephalogram

EMG

electromyography

ENT

ears, nose, throat

ESR

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

ESRD

end stage renal disease

ET

endotracheal tube

F

Fahrenheit

4×4

piece of gauze 4’ by 4’ used for dressing

FBD

fibrocystic breast disease

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

FFP

fresh frozen plasma

FBS

fasting blood sugar

fl

fluid

FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone

ft.

foot, feet (unit of measurement)

FUO

fever of undetermined origin

g, gm

gram

GB

gall bladder

GFR

glomerular filtration rate

GH

growth hormone

GI

gastrointestinal

gr

grain

GSC

Glasgow coma scale

gtts

drops

GU

genitourinary

GYN

gynecological

(H)

hypodermically

Hb or Hgb

hemoglobin

h or hrs

hour or hours

HCG

human chorionic gonadtropin

HCO3

bicarbonate

Hct

hematocrit

HD

hemodialysis

HDL

high-density lipoproteins

Hg

mercury

Hgb

hemoglobin

HGH

human growth hormone

HHNC

hyperglycemia hyperosmolar nonketotic coma

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

HLA

human leukocyte antigen

HR

heat rate

hs

at bed time, hour of sleep

H2O

water

HSV

herpes simplex virus

HTN

hypertension

Hxv

history

Hz

hertz (cycle/second)

I and O

intake and output

IAPB

intra-aortic balloon pump

IBBP

intermittent positive pressure breathing

IBS

irritable bowel syndrome

ICF

intracellular fluid

ICS

intercostal space

ICU

intensive care unit

IDDM

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

IgA

immunoglobulin A

IM

intramuscular

IOP

increased intraocular pressure

IPG

impedance plethysmogram

IPPB

intermittent positive-pressure breathing

IU, iu

international unit

IUD

intrauterine device

IV

intravenous

IVC

intraventricular catheter

IVP

intravenous pyelogram

JRA

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

K

potassium

kcal

kilocalorie (food calorie)

kg

kilogram

KO, KVO

keep vein open

KS

Kaposi’s sarcoma

KUB

kidney, ureters, bladder

L, l

liter

lab

laboratory

lb

pound

LBBB

left bundle branch block

LDH

lactate dehydrogenase

LDL

low-density lipoproteins

LF

lupus erythematosus

LH

luteinizing

Liq

liquid

LLQ

left lower quadrant

LOC

level of consciousness

LP

lumbar puncture

LPN, LVN

licensed practical or vocational nurse

Lt, lt

left

LTC

long term care

LUQ

left upper quadrant

LV

left ventricle

m

minum, meter, micron

MAO

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

MAT

military anti-shock trousers

mcg

microgram

MCH

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

MCV

mean corpuscular volume

MD

muscular dystrophy, medical doctor

MDI

meter dose inhaler

mEq

milliequivalent

Mg

magnesium

mg

milligram

MG

myasthenia gravis

Ml

myocardial infarction

ml

milliliter

mm

millimeter

MMR

vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

MS

multiple sclerosis, morphine sulfate

N

nitrogen, normal (strength of solution)

NIDDM

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

NA

sodium

NaCl

sodium chloride

NANDA

North American Nursing Diagnosis Association

NG

nasogastric

NGT

nasogastric tube

NLN

National League for Nursing

noc

at night

NPO

nothing by mouth

NS

normal saline

O2

oxygen

OBN-GYN

obstetrics and gynecology

OCT

oxytoxin challenge test

OD, od

right eye

OOB

out of bed

OPC

out patient clinic

OR

operating room

OS, os

left eye

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OTC

over the counter (drug that can be obtained without prescription)

OU, ou

both eye

oz

ounce

p

without

p

pulse, pressure, phosphorus

PA Chest

posterior-anterior chest x-ray

PAC

premature arterial complexes

PaCO2

partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

PaO2

partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

Pap

papanicolaou smear

pc

after meals

PCA

patient controlled analgesia

PCO2

partial carbon dioxide

PCP

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

PD

peritoneal dialysis

PE

pulmonary embolism

PEEP

positive end-expiratory pressure

PERRLA

pupils equal, round, react to light and accommodation

PET

postural emission tomography

PFT

pulmonary function test

pH

hydrogen ion concentration

PID

pelvic inflammatory disease

PKD

polycystic disease

PKU

phenylketorunia

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

PND

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

PO, po

by mouth

PPD

positive purified protein derivative (of tuberculin)

PPN

partial parenteral nutrition

PRN, prn

as needed whenever necessary

pro time

prothrombin time

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

psi

ponds per square inch

PT

physical therapy, prothrombin time

PTCA

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

PTH

parathyroid hormone

PTT

partial thromboplastin time

PUD

peptic ulcer disease

PVC

premature ventricular contraction

os

by mouth

pc

after meals

PSP

phenol-sulfonaphthalein

q

every

QA

quality assurance

qh

every hour

q 2 h

every two hours

q 4 h

every four hours

qid

four times a day

R

rectal temperature, respirations, roentgen

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

RAI

radioactive iodine

RAIU

radioactive iodine uptake

RAS

reticular activating system

RBBB

right bundle branch block

RBC

red blood cell or count

RCA

right coronary artery

RDA

recommended dietary allowance

resp

respiration

RF

rheumatic fever, rheumatoid factor

Rh

antigen on blood cell indicated by + or -

RIND

reversible ischemic neurologic deficit

RLQ

right left quadrant

RN

registered nurse

RNA

ribonucleic acid

R/O, r/o

rule out, to exclude

RT, rt

right

RUQ

right upper quadrant

Rx

prescription

o

without

S or Sig.

(Signa) to write on label

SA

sinoarterial node

SaO

systematic arterial oxygen saturation (%)

Sat sol

saturated solution

SBE

subacute bacterial endocarditis

SC, sc

subcutaneous

SDA

same day admission

SDS

same day surgery

sed rate

sedimentation rate

SGOT

serum glutamic-oxaloarcetic transminase (see AST)

SGPT

serum glutamic-pyruvic transminase (see ALT)

SI

International System of Units

SIADH

syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone

SIDS

sudden infant death syndrome

SL

sublingual

SLE

systemic lupus erythematosus

SOB

short of breath

sol.

solution

SMBG

self-monitoring blood glucose

SMR

submucous resection

spec.

specimen

sp gr

specific gravity

SQ

subcutaneous

SS

soap suds

SSKI

saturated solution

s s

one half

stat

immediately

STD

sexually transmitted disease

sx

symptom

Syr.

syrup

T

temperature, thoracic to be followed by the number designating specific thoracic vertebra

T and C

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

T and C

type and crossmatch

tabs.

tablets

TB

tuberculosis

TED

antiembolitic stockings

temp

temperature

TENS

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

TIA

transient ischemic attack

TIBC

total iron binding capacity

tid

three times a day

tinct. Or tr.

tincture

TMJ

temporomandibular joint

t-pa, TPA

tissue plasminogen activator

TPN

total parenteral nutrition

TPR

temperature, pulse, respiration

TQM

total quality management

TSE

testicular self-examination

TSH

thyroid-stimulating hormone

tsp

teaspoon

TSS

toxic shock syndrome

TURP

transurethral prostatectomy

U

units

UA

urinalysis

ung

ointment

URI

upper respiratory tract infection

VAD

venous access device

VDRL

Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (test for syphilis)

VF, Vfid

ventricular fibrillation

VPC

ventricular premature complexes

VT

ventricular tachycardia

WBC

white blood cell or count

WHO

World Health Organization

wt.

weight

Posted in health | 2 Comments »

Upms tutorial

August 27th, 2008 by jeric

Credit goes to UPMS Project Team!

Here is their new site: http://www.noob911.com/

How To Install UPMSv4

WARNING

You must follow this read me completly, DO NOT skip any of the steps, the only step
you can skip is the battery one. REMOVE ANY CUSTOM THEMES/PRX’S FROM FLASH0
BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH UPMSINSTALLER. DO NOT SWITCH OFF YOUR PSP UNTIL THE INSTALLER HAS FINISHED

Items Required

An original Pro Duo Memory Stick that is at least 512mb for Nand Backup.

A psp running custom firmware (it is best for the psp to be running a minimum of
3.52m33 or 3.71-2m33) with a battery at least 75% full (ideally 100% full).

1.50Eboot renamed to 150.PBP
1.50Eboot renamed to UPDATE.PBP
3.71Eboot renamed to 371.PBP
3.80Eboot renamed to 380.PBP

U.P.M.S cso application.
DL Here >>

Method

UPDATE FOR V3R3 Clean Memory Stick Option If you already have a working Pandora
or UPMS stick, there is no need to format it. Launch UPMSInstaller and press X to
bypass the fatms371 mod install, goto firmware options and select Clean Memory Stick,
this will remove and previous installation but only the system files, so if you have
NandDumps or other files in the PSP/ folder this option will not remove them. Once this
is complete, you can then continue to install your desired firmware.

—————————————-

Time Machine by Dark_AleX You can select to install or run Time Machine from the
Utilities Menu, selecting this option will exit UPMSInstaller and Launch Time Machine.
Choose both option 1 and option 2 from the Time Machine’s menu. Then choose your
desired firmware install, make sure you have the required EBOOT’s on the root of your
Memory Stick. After install you will need to edit the config.txt file for the desired
buttons to boot into the various firmwares or UPMS/Pandora.

—————————————-

Note 1 If you already own a Pandora battery and memory stick without the multi-boot
function you must remove your battery and plug in the AC cable, but the memory stick
can remain inserted.

Note 2 If you are running a psp with custom firmware 3.80M33 installed you will have a
slightly different install sequence. This sequence will involve the writing of files to your
Flash 0.

Note 3 The U.P.M.S installer now has an application embedded that will enable you to
format a fake memory stick (you are still advised to use an original pro duo stick).

Steps

1 Switch on your psp.
2 Make sure your psp is set to run the Sony NP9660 umd iso driver if you are running
3.52cfw or above.
3 Scroll to the USB icon and connect to the computer.
4 Back up the entire contents of your memory stick to a safe folder on your computer
(just to keep anything you may require later e.g. music etc).
5 Disable the psp from the computer.
6 Scroll to System Settings and press X, then scroll to Format Memory Stick and press
X to format the stick.
7 After the memory stick has been formatted scroll back to the USB icon and connect to
the computer. ONLY FOLLOW THESE IF YOU ARE USING A FAKE STICK
7.1 Format your Fake with the PSP’s format option first, this will clear the boot area of
unsuccessful trys.
7.2 If you are using a fake memory stick copy in to the ISO folder the U.P.M.S cso file
(this is just drag and drop).
7.3 Disconnect from the computer.
7.4 Scroll to the Game icon in the XMB and then scroll to the Memory Stick icon press
X and then press X again to run the installer.
7.5 If running 3.80M33+ the software will detect this and write a file to Flash0 (this will
enable the IPL to be written).
7.6 You should return to the XMB
7.7 Press X and X again.
7.8 Press X.
7.9 Scroll to the option that says format memory stick and format your stick by pressing
X.
7.10 Remove your memory stick and reinsert while UPMS is still running, then press X.
7.11 Scroll to the USB icon and connect to the computer.
8 Copy all the downloaded and renamed eboots on to the root of your memory stick
(this is just drag and drop). The root of the memory stick is the very first level that you
see when connected to the computer.
9 Open up the ISO folder and copy in to it the U.P.M.S cso file (this is just drag and
drop).
10 Disconnect from the computer.
11 Scroll to the Game icon in the XMB and then scroll to the Memory Stick icon press X
and then press X again to run the installer.
11.1 If running 3.80M33 the software will detect this and write a file to Flash0 (this will
enable the IPL to be written).
11.2 Press X and you should return to the XMB
11.3 Press X and then X again
11.4 Press X again to start the installer.
12 Run step 1 choosing to load the multi IPL (this will allow the battery to be used as
normal), when done go to the next step. If you already own a Pandora battery you can
miss step2, if not run step2.
13 Run step 2 and your battery EEPROM will automatically be backed up to the
memory stick if it is not already there (this will be needed to convert your battery back
if needed), and then convert your battery to a Pandora.
14 After making the Pandora battery plug in the AC cable.
15 Run step 3 to install the firmware that is required to make your U.P.M.S or if you
wish you can run the full installer and miss step 4 (this may take awhile but be patient
as long as the memory stick light is flashing it is still working)
16 Run step 4 to install all of the application that you might require if in the previous
step you choose to only load the U.P.M.S with out utilities.
17 Exit installer.

You should now have the ultimate unbricker/downgrader.

The battery and stick combination is now capable of doing all the following:

1 Upgrade a slim to 3.71-2 M33
2 Upgrade a phat to 3.71-2 M33 w/1.50-2 kernel patch
3 Upgrade a slim to 3.81-5 M33
4 Upgrade a phat to 3.81-5 M33 w/1.50 kernel patch
5 Downgrade a phat to 1.50
6 Upgrade a phat straight to 3.52 M33 from Extended Boot Menu then install update 4
via XMB with no need to downgrade to 1.50
7 Start up a psp with Ultimate Loader with support for choosing which Pandora you
require V1, V3 or V4 (by holding down the L trigger)
8 Boot to the XMB with the Pandora battery inserted (Phat Only)
9 Boot to a full 1.50 firmware from the memory stick (Phat Only)
10 Use PSPFiler and other tools (if it requires 1.50 slims can’t as there is no 1.5 kernel)
11 Upgraded a phat or slim to 3.71-4 M33 from the XMB with the update
12 Recover a bricked psp (phat or slim)

Here is a list of what each application can do

Despertar Cementerio 4: Upgrade all psp phat’s and slim’s to 3.80 M33-5 Back up Nand
& reinstall Despertar

Despertar Cementerio 3: Upgrade all psp phat’s and slim’s to 3.71M33-2 Back up Nand & reinstall

Hellcats’ Menu: THIS MENU CAN’T LOAD ON SLIMS Boot to 1.50 firmware from memory
stick Fix Flash 1. Boot to original Pandora V1 Various utilities with booting to 1.5
firmware on phat psp only. Upgrade to 3.52M33 Access USB through menu.

TheJokers Menu: THIS MENU CAN’T LOAD ON SLIMS Upgrade a psp phat only to
3.71M33-2 using Despertar Cementerio 3. It can only do the phat psp’s due to the 1.5
firmware limitation. Boot to original Pandora V1 Simple IPL Patch Run Key Cleaner
Run IDstorage Manager Run PSP Filer

Tools Menu: Load Elf Menu Nandmanager (used for nandbackups)

Ultimate Loader: This is a prx that was created by gh0st that boots first when you hold
the Lef Trigger (Mulit-IPL) and let’s you choose which menu system you want to use
and launch. It can boot all 4 systems on a phat psp but can only boot Despertar
Cementerio 3/4 on a slim psp.

Extra memory sticks:

If you wish to use additional memory sticks but leave your battery set up as a Pandora
one so that you can leave the one that contains the U.M.P.S files on all you have to do
is
1. Connect to you AC supply.
2. Insert the memory stick you wish to use.
3. Switch on you psp.
4. Format the memory stick from with in the XMB.
5. Go to the USB icon and connect to the computer.
6. Open up the ISO folder and place in there the U.P.M.S cso file
7. Disconnect from the computer.
8. Go to the Game icon in the XMB and run the installer.
9. Run step 1 choosing to load the multi ipl, this will then allow you to use this
memory stick as a normal one with your Pandora battery (you do not need to install all
of the files).

ULUpdater Patch 2 for UPMSv4
DL Here: http://www.noob911.com/downloads/ind…ct=view&id=158

Ultimate Loader Patches/Updates

Fixed the Reboot function while in the Tools Menu.
Re-worded the Backup Warning Screen.

Extract archive to where ever
Copy the ULUpdater folder to ms0:/PSP/GAME/

Run the Eboot from XMB
Press X to update.

ULUpdater Patch 1 for UPMSv4
DL Here: http://www.noob911.com/downloads/ind…ct=view&id=157

For TA-085v1 Slim

The Motherboard display for this model is displaying Tachyon: 0XXXXXXXXX, this is wrong, this is actually the Baryon value, I have updated the installer, but there is no need to re-download unless you want to.

Also I have updated Ultimate Loader which had a slight text display error when loading the Elf Menu the text was out of align and when loading NandTool the text displayed twice, these are now fixed.

Unzip ULUpdater download file to your desktop,

Connect Psp via USB,

Place the ULUpdater in /PSP/GAME,

UPMS V3R3
DL Here: http://www.noob911.com/downloads/ind…?act=view&id=7
A simple tutorial for this UPMSv3r3 and how to add DCV5 on it…

UPMSInstaller v3r3 – recommend 1GB MS
Installation
- reformat ms
- copy upmsinstaller.cso to iso folder
- download sony official firmwares and rename it(see below)
- copy 150.pbp, 350.pbp, 340.pbp, 371.pbp, 380.pbp and 390.pbp (complete is more better)
- total off your psp and goto recovery menu
- change UMD driver to “Sony NP9660″ – this is very important
- exit recovery menu
- launch upmsinstaller on psp game
- you will then see the menu, just press X
- you may now see steps
- step1: choose sleepfix multi ipl
- skip step2: you can use LE Recovery plugin to change your phat battery to service mode and back to normal mode using phat psp only
- step3: choose install the utilities (slower) to install all utilities…
- after completion, load Time Machine
- you will then exit the UPMS installer to xmb menu
- launch TM on psp game
- follow instructions sequentially…
- and you’re done…

Additional DCV5 on UPMSv3r3..
- Download DCV5 (DL here http://exophase.com/files/psp/dc5.rar)
- copy dc5 folder on psp/game folder on ms
- launch dcv5 on psp game
- it will then ask you for your default button because you have installed TM on your UPMS
- choose triangle(recommend)
- after completion it will then exit itself
- and you’re done…

 

Added new option to the Firmware Menu.
Clean Memory Stick for Fresh Install

If you already have either a Pandora or UPMS stick that is working, you can now choose to clean the stick and do a fresh install either as an upgrade or because you want to without having to write the IPL to the stick again or install the fatms371.prx

Instructions on how to use UPMS

FAT PSP:
->Switch off your psp
->Insert the UPMS memory stick
->Hold down the L trigger button
->Insert Pandora battery
->Release L trigger button when the Ultimate Loader menu appears
(If your psp boots to the XMB, it means you didn’t hold the L trigger button down)

SLIM PSP:
->Important: Make sure DCv3/v4 (cemetery) was the last active folder used, or you will have trouble getting the UL menu to light up-some people have had problems in the past attempting to use the UPMS on slim psps because of this…
In which case you will need to do the following:
->Power off and remove your slim battery.
->Push the power switch down so its in the HOLD position
->Insert the UPMS memory stick
->Now hold L and insert your Pandora Battery.
->Release L when the MS light or screen flashes
->Ultimate Loader will then switch the active folder to the cemetery or DCv3/4
->Carefully return the power switch to the middle or the ON position-making sure you dont put the psp in sleep mode

->If you just keep the DCv3/4/5 cemetery folder always active-you can basically follow the same steps as you would for a fat psp<-

You should then see the main menu (Ultimate Loader)
-From here you can select the following:

– Load Pandora Extended Menu (Hellcat)
– Load Despertar Cementerio v3
– Load Despertar Cementerio v4
– Load Despertar Cementerio v5
– Tools & Options Menu
– Toggle USB (ms0)

Thanks to Sargatanas for this instruction
All Required EBOOTS Download Here:

150.PBP – http://www.psp-hacks.com/file/4
371.PBP – http://www.psp-hacks.com/file/1259
380.PBP – http://www.psp-hacks.com/file/1377
390.PBP – http://www.psp-hacks.com/file/1406
UPDATE.PBP (Only if you want to downgrade to 1.50 Firmware) (this is 1.50.pbp rename this as UPDATE.PBP as instructed)
340.PBP – http://www.psp-hacks.com/file/1130 (Only if you want to Install Time Machine)
360.PSAR – hthttp://www.sendspace.com/file/wy98b1 p://.sendspace.com/file/wy98b1

Posted in psp updates and news | 1 Comment »

« Previous Entries

Powered By Wordpress - Theme Provided By Free Wordpress Templates - Bad Credit Auto Loans